Essential Japanese Phrases for Beginners
These are the Japanese words and phrases you will reach for constantly — yes, no, please, thank you, and the everyday survival vocabulary that makes everything else easier. Each entry includes romanization, a sounds-like pronunciation hint and real example sentences.
Unlock questions
Six little words that turn you from a spectator into a participant. Drop one into almost any sentence and Japanese people will meet you halfway.
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なに nani What
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どこ doko Where
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いつ itsu When
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だれ dare Who
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なぜ naze Why
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どうやって douyatte How (by what method)
Question shortcut
Any polite sentence becomes a question by adding か to the end — no word-order gymnastics. これはいくらですか is literally "this is how much" + か.
Point and choose
With これ, それ and a friendly ください, you can shop, order and survive whole days in Japan without conjugating a single verb.
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これ kore This (near me)
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それ sore That (near you)
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どれ dore Which one
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ください kudasai Please give me
Attach to any noun with を: みずをください — water, please.
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はい hai Yes
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いいえ iie No
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いくら ikura How much
Everyday verbs
The six verbs you will reach for daily. Learn the polite -ます forms first — they are welcome absolutely everywhere.
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いく iku To go
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くる kuru To come
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たべる taberu To eat
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のむ nomu To drink
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できる dekiru Can, to be able to
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ほしい hoshii To want (a thing)
Time and place
Anchor yourself in the here and now. These pairs cover most directions a stranger will ever give you.
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いま ima Now
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あとで ato de Later
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ここ koko Here
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そこ soko There
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ひだり hidari Left
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みぎ migi Right
How you feel
States and sensations, ready to use as complete sentences — no grammar assembly required.
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おなかがすいた onaka ga suita I'm hungry
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のどがかわいた nodo ga kawaita I'm thirsty
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つかれた tsukareta I'm tired
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あつい atsui Hot
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さむい samui Cold
In real life: asking about something in a shop
すみません、ちょっといいですか。 sumimasen, chotto ii desu ka
Excuse me, do you have a moment?
これはなんですか。 kore wa nan desu ka
What is this?
これはいくらですか。 kore wa ikura desu ka
How much is it?
これをください。 kore o kudasai
I'll take it, please.
ありがとう arigatou
Thanks!
Test yourself
Tap the meaning of each Japanese phrase — answers reveal instantly.
Frequently asked questions
Which Japanese phrases should I learn first?
Start with greetings, yes and no, please and thank you — the politeness backbone. Then add the question words (what, where, how much), since they unlock real conversations fast. The list above is grouped so the highest-value phrases come first.
How do I pronounce these Japanese phrases?
Every phrase comes with romanization — the phrase spelled out in Latin letters. Read it out loud slowly, then work up to the rhythm of the full phrase. Native speakers care far more about confidence and context than perfect pronunciation.
What is the best way to memorize these phrases?
Little and often beats cramming. Review a handful of phrases a day, say them out loud, and revisit them tomorrow. The Pretalk app turns lists like this one into bite-size lessons with spaced review, so the phrases actually stick.
More Japanese phrases
Essentials phrases in other languages
Practice Japanese on the go
Turn these phrases into real conversations. Learn Japanese in five-minute lessons with Pretalk — free on iOS and Android.